Upangiri Woyambira pa 7 Common Flow Meters ndi Malangizo Osankha

Kuyenda muyeso sizinthu zaukadaulo zokha; ndi momwe zimayendera m'mafakitale, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo, kulondola, komanso kupulumutsa mtengo. Ndi mitundu yopitilira 100 yamita yothamangaKusefukira pamsika lero, kusankha imodzi yokhala ndi chiwongolero chabwino kwambiri chamitengo kumatha kukhala kolemetsa. Bukhuli likuwunikira zidziwitso zazikulu pazida zoyendetsera, kukuthandizani kusankha zosankha molimba mtima. Kaya ndinu injiniya wokonza mapaipi kapena manejala omwe akukonza bajeti kuti mukweze, tiyeni tilowe muzinthu zofunikira zamitundu yamamita othamanga, mphamvu zawo, ndi malangizo othandiza pakusankha.

Kumvetsetsa Ma Flow Meters: Chifukwa Chake Imafunikira mu Industrial Automation

Yendanimlingoismwala wapangodya pakupanga mafakitale, kuwongolera chilichonse kuyambira pamachitidwe amankhwala mpaka kugawa mphamvu. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, ukadaulo wophatikizika wosiyanasiyana udakhala ndi gawo la 80% pamsika, koma zatsopano zidayambitsa njira zanzeru komanso zosunthika. Lero,kusankha kuyendamitakumakhudzakulinganiza zinthu monga mtundu wamadzimadzi, momwe magwiridwe antchito, zosowa zolondola, ndi bajeti. Kuchokera pamakina opangira zinthu m'malo ovuta, monga zida zamafuta akunyanja kapena zipinda zoyeretsera mankhwala, chofunikira ndikufananiza mawonekedwe a mita ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kuti mupewe nthawi yopumira komanso kuwerenga molakwika.

Chotsatirachi chiwunika magulu asanu ndi awiri a ma flow metre omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, ndikuwunikira mawonekedwe awo, zabwino, zoyipa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'magawo amitundu. Ingotsatirani kuti muthe kudziwa bwino njira zomwe zafotokozedwa posankha mita yoyendera!

1. Differential Pressure Flow Meters: The Reliable Workhorse

Kupanikizika kosiyanakuyezazotsalirateknoloji yothamanga kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imatha kugwiritsira ntchito madzi amtundu umodzi pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutentha ndi kupanikizika. Pachitukuko chake m'zaka za m'ma 1970, idatenga 80% ya msika pazifukwa zomveka. Mamita awa amakhala ndi chipangizo chopukutira (monga mbale ya orifice, nozzle, Pitot chubu, kapena pitot chubu) cholumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira.

Kachipangizo kameneka kamapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kothamanga kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje komwe kumayenderana ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi. Ma mbale a Orifice ndi omwe angasankhe chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kuphweka kwake. Bola atapangidwa ndikuyika pamiyezo (ganizirani ISO 5167), amapereka miyeso yodalirika osafunikira kuwongolera kwenikweni koma kungoyang'ana mwachangu.

Izi zati, zida zonse zopukutira zimabweretsa kutaya kwanthawi zonse. Mbalame yakuthwa yakuthwa imatha kutaya 25-40% ya kupsinjika kwakukulu kosiyana, komwe kumawonjezera mtengo wamagetsi pazochita zazikulu. Komano, machubu a pitot amakhala otayika koma amakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe oyenda, chifukwa chipwirikiti chimasokoneza kuwerenga kwawo.

Pafakitale ya petrochemical, ogwiritsa ntchito amasinthanitsa mbale zachikale zamachubu a Venturi kuti achepetse kutsika kwamphamvu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapampu kuchepe ndi 15%. Chifukwa chake, pochita ndi madzi a viscous kapena slurries, ndizomveka kulingalira machubu a Pitot kuti akhale olondola bwino pamaseweredwe osagwirizana. Choyenera kutchula ndichakuti nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti mapaipi 10-20 akuyenda mowongoka kumtunda kuti mukhazikike mawonekedwe oyenda, kapena oyendetsa atha kugwidwa ndi kupwetekedwa kwamutu.

2. Malo Osiyanasiyana Oyenda Mamita: Kuphweka Kukumana ndi Zosiyanasiyana

Thechizindikiro cha rotameter chimayimiravariable area flow meters, komwe choyandama chimakwera mu chubu chopendekera molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunde. Ubwino wawo wopambana? Kuwerenga kwachindunji, pamasamba popanda mphamvu yakunja, yomwe ndi yabwino kuti ifufuze mwachangu m'munda.

Izi zimabwera m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: magalasi a machubu rotameters ozungulira, osawononga zinthu monga mpweya, mpweya, kapena argon, omwe amapereka maonekedwe omveka bwino komanso osavuta kuwerenga;ndizitsulochuburotameterMabaibulondi zizindikiro za maginito za kutentha kwambiri kapena kupanikizika kwambiri. Yotsirizirayo imatha kutulutsa zizindikiro zokhazikika kuti ziphatikizidwendizojambuliraorokwana.

Mitundu yamakono imaphatikizapo mapangidwe opangidwa ndi masika opanda zipinda za condensate, amadzitamandira ndi 100: 1 turndown chiŵerengero ndi kutulutsa kwa mzere, woyenera kuyeza nthunzi.

Polankhula za ntchito zambiri, ma rotameters ambiri amasankhidwa kuti atumizidwe mu labu kuti asakanize gasi, zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama zamawaya chifukwa chosowa mphamvu. Koma poyang'anira kugwedezeka, ma rotameter amatha kuyambitsa jitter yoyandama komanso kuwerenga zabodza. Pakukwezera moŵa, mwachitsanzo, machubu achitsulo amatha kutulutsa wort, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki katatu, pomwe magalasi okhala ndi zida za PTFE amasankha bajeti, koma oyendetsa amayenera kuwongolera chaka chilichonse kuti akhalebe olondola 1-2%.

3. Vortex Flow Meters: Oscillation for Precision

Vortex mita, chitsanzo chabwino cha mitundu ya oscillatory, ikani thupi la bluff mumayendedwe oyenda, ndikupanga ma vortices osinthasintha omwe mafupipafupi amayenderana ndi liwiro. Palibe magawo osuntha omwe amatanthawuza kubwereza bwino, kukhala ndi moyo wautali, komanso kukonza pang'ono.

Kugwira zabwino ngati mizere yotakata, kutetezedwa ku kutentha, kupanikizika, kachulukidwe, kapena kusintha kwa viscosity, kutsika kwamphamvu, komanso kulondola kwambiri (0.5-1%), ma vortex flow metres amatha mpaka 300 ° C ndi 30 MPa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osinthasintha pamagasi, zakumwa, ndi nthunzi.

Njira yomverera mu ma vortex flow metre imasiyanasiyana ndi sing'anga: masensa a piezoelectric ndi abwino kwa nthunzi, matenthedwe otenthetsera kapena ma ultrasonic sensors amayendera mpweya, ndipo pafupifupi njira zonse zomverera zimagwira ntchito pamadzi. Mofanana ndi ma orifice plates, kutsika kwapakati kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa mita.

Mu pulojekiti ya mapaipi a gasi, ma vortex metres amapambana ma turbines pakuyenda kwamphamvu, kuchepetsa zolakwika kuchokera pa 5% mpaka pansi pa 1%. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kuyika, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda molunjika ndikupewa kuyandikira mavavu. Zikafika pamachitidwe omwe akubwera, ma vortex metres opanda zingwe okhala ndi moyo wa batri mpaka zaka 10 pamasamba akutali.

4. Electromagnetic Flow Meters: Conductive Fluids' Bwenzi Labwino

Electromagnetic mita, kapena kuti mag metre, amagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Faraday, lomwe limapita motere: madzi amadzimadzi omwe amadutsa mu mphamvu ya maginito amachititsa kuti magetsi aziyendera mofanana ndi kutuluka kwake. Zongokhala pa media media, ma mita awa sakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kupanikizika, kachulukidwe, kapena kukhuthala - mwachidziwitso, osachepera - ndi 100: 1 turndown ndi 0.5% yolondola. Kukula kwa mipope kumayambira 2mm mpaka 3m, kutengera madzi, slurries, pulps, kapena corrosives.

Ma electromagnetic flow mita amatulutsa ma siginecha ofooka (2.5-8 mV pamlingo wathunthu), kotero kupanga chishango choyenera ndikuyika pansi ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusokonezedwa ndi ma mota.

Ma electromagnetic flow metres amapambana m'malo opangira madzi oyipa, kuyeza modalirika madzi akuda ngati slurries popanda kutsekeka. Mosiyana ndi makina amakina, mag metres alibe magawo osuntha. Pazinthu zamadzimadzi zowononga, monga madzi otayira acidic, kukwezera ku mag metres okhala ndi mizere ya PFA kumatha kuchepetsa zosowa zokonzekera ndi 50% monga zikuwonekera muzomera zaposachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mag metres oyendetsedwa ndi batire akupeza mphamvu pakuyezera madzi akutali, ndikupereka kusinthasintha m'malo opanda gridi ndikusunga kudalirika komweko kopanda clog.

5. Akupanga Mayendedwe Mamita: Zopanda Zosokoneza

Akupanga otayamitabweranim'mitundu iwiri yayikulu: Doppler ndi nthawi-yowuluka (TOF).Dopplermitakuyezamayendedwe pozindikira masinthidwe afupipafupi kuchokera ku particles zoyimitsidwa, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa liwiro lalitali, zamadzimadzi zonyansa ngati slurries, koma osagwira ntchito pa liwiro lotsika kapena papaipi yoyipa.

Mamita a TOF, omwe amawerengera otaya potengera nthawi yosiyana ya mafunde omwe akupanga mafunde oyenda komanso motsutsana ndi otaya, amapambana muzakumwa zoyera, zofananira ngati madzi, zomwe zimafuna kuti zida zenizeni zamagetsi zikhale zolondola. Mapangidwe amitundu yambiri a TOF amathandizira magwiridwe antchito a chipwirikiti, ndikupereka kudalirika kwambiri pamakina ovuta.

Mu chilled madzi dongosolo retrofit, clamp-pa TOF akupanga mamita anapulumutsa zikwi pochotsa kufunika mabala mipope kapena shutdowns, kukwaniritsa 1% molondola ndi masanjidwe oyenera. Komabe, mavuvu a mpweya kapena zokutira zitoliro zimatha kusokoneza kuwerenga, kotero kuwunika bwino kwa malo ndikofunikira. Pazowunikira zam'munda, mayunitsi onyamula akupanga ndi ofunikira, omwe amapereka zowunikira mwachangu popanda nthawi yopumira.

6. Turbine Flow Meters: Kuthamanga ndi Kulondola Pakuyenda

Kuthamanga kwa turbinemita gwirani ntchitopa mfundo yosamalira mphamvu, pomwe kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kumazungulira kozungulira, ndipo liwiro la rotor limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi liwiro loyenda. Mamita awa amatsogola pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri, okhala ndi mapangidwe apadera a gasi okhala ndi ngodya zing'onozing'ono za blade ndi masamba ochulukirapo kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito amadzimadzi osalimba kwambiri. Amapereka kulondola kwapadera (0.2-0.5%, kapena 0.1% muzochitika zapadera), chiwerengero cha 10: 1 turndown chiŵerengero, kutsika kwapansi, ndi kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu pansi pa zipsinjo zazikulu, koma zimafuna madzi oyera ndi mipope yowongoka yokwanira kuti apewe zolakwika zoyambitsa chipwirikiti.

M'dongosolo lamafuta oyendetsa ndege,turbine kuyendamitazotsimikizikatchulani kulondola kwa kusamutsa m'manja, kofunika kwambiri kuti muthe kulipira molondola. Zing'onozing'ono zobowola zimakulitsa chidwi cha kachulukidwe kamadzimadzi ndi kukhuthala, kotero kusefa kwamphamvu ndikofunikira kuti mupewe zolakwika zokhudzana ndi zinyalala. Mapangidwe osakanizidwa okhala ndi ma pickups a maginito asintha kudalirika pochepetsa kuvala kwamakina.

7. Mamita Oyenda Oyenda Bwino: Volumetric Precision

Mamita oyenda bwino amayezera mayendedwe potchera ndikuchotsa madzimadzi osasunthika ndikuzungulira kulikonse, pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ngati zida zozungulira, pistoni yozungulira, kapena mitundu ya scraper. Oval gear mita amapereka 20:1 turndown chiŵerengero ndi kulondola kwakukulu (nthawi zambiri 0.5% kapena kuposa) koma amatha kudzaza ndi zinyalala zamadzimadzi. Mamita a pistoni a rotary amapambana pogwira ma voliyumu akulu, ngakhale kapangidwe kake kamalola kutayikira pang'ono, kukhudza kulondola pamayendedwe otsika.

Osakhudzidwa ndi kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi, ma PD mita ndi abwino kwa zakumwa monga mafuta ndi madzi, koma osayenerera mpweya kapena nthunzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake.

Pafakitale yopangira zakudya, ma PD mita, makamaka mitundu ya zida zowulungika, anali ofunikira pakuwunika kwatsatanetsatane kwa ma viscous syrups, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. Komabe, zinyalala m'madzi osasefedwa zinayambitsa kupanikizana kwa apo ndi apo, kutsindika kufunika kwa makina amphamvu osefera. Mapangidwe a Clean-in-place (CIP) amachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yochepetsera pochepetsa kukonza, kusintha kwamasewera pamizere yodutsa kwambiri.

Kusankha Meter Yoyenda Yoyenera: Malangizo a Katswiri Kuti Mupambane

Kusankha mita yoyendera yoyenera ndikofunikira kuti muwongolere njira zamafakitale, chifukwa palibe mita imodzi yomwe imagwirizana ndi ntchito iliyonse. Kuti musankhe mwanzeru, yang'anani zinthu zofunika kwambiri: zinthu zamadzimadzi (mwachitsanzo, kukhuthala, kuwononga, kapena zinthu zina), kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe (zochepa komanso zokwera kwambiri), kulondola kofunikira (kuchokera pa 0.1% pakusamutsira ana kupita ku 2% kuti awonedwe), kuletsa kuyikika (monga kukula kwa chitoliro, zofunikira zowongoka, ndi malire a malo ogulira), kusungitsa mphamvu, kuletsa kwa umwini, kuletsa kwa umwini, kuletsa kwa umwini mtengo).

Poyesa zinthu izi molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna kuchita, poyesa kuyesa kwa oyendetsa kapena kukambirana ndi ogulitsa, mutha kusankha mita yomwe imalinganiza magwiridwe antchito ndi bajeti.